Twilit Slices of Sarajevan Life

It’s just after sunset in Sarajevo. And I’ve just wrapped up my guidebook research chores for the day. I have a few minutes of freedom to slow down, relax, and enjoy this intoxicating city on my stroll back to the hotel. Fortunately, it’s a long and fascinating walk between here and there.

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Around me bustles the modern city, built by the Habsburgs who took over Sarajevo from the Ottomans in 1878. While the Bosnian soul feels much closer to Turkey than to Vienna, the 40-year Habsburg period was good to Sarajevo — prodding it to develop from a backwater trading town into a modern city.  Much of the infrastructure and architecture of today’s Sarajevo dates from this age.  And the Austrian-feeling street called Ferhadija is where Sarajevans come in the cool of the evening to promenade.

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Saddled with an anemic economy and a hopelessly ineffective government that seems designed to slow progress, Sarajevans find cheap ways to enjoy life. People have dinner at home, then head out to nurse a budget drink at an al fresco café. Under genteel 19th-century facades, they watch a pink sky fade to a deep blue. In the park, old-timers play life-size chess — cheering and jeering each move. Excited little kids line up at ice-cream windows.

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As they stroll arm-in-arm and wave to friends and neighbors along the pedestrianized street, everyone casually steps over the “Sarajevo roses” (wartime blast craters filled with red resin as a memorial). The suffering of Sarajevo during the siege of the 1990s is a painful memory. But thankfully, it’s fading…along with the once-garish dye in these shocking starburst patterns.

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I pass the stout Catholic cathedral, where a larger-than-life silver statue of John Paul II celebrates that faith’s newest saint. In 1997, he became the first pope ever to visit Bosnia (where a third of the population is Catholic). That seems fitting — John Paul II’s revolutionary ecumenism fits this city. In this same neighborhood are Sarajevo’s primary Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, and Muslim houses of worship — all of which have coexisted within a few steps of each other for centuries. (The city’s “live and let live” attitude makes the brutality of the wartime siege — when nationalistic politicians with selfish agendas drove brutal wedges deep into the heart of the community — even more grotesque.)

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Just a few steps farther down the street, without the slightest transition, I’m in the thick of the Turkish-style old town — called Baščaršija. With its flagstone promenade, handsome wooden merchants’ shops, and minarets towering overhead, it feels like a little Istanbul.

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Wandering past the gated courtyard of the city’s main mosque, I hear the call to prayer warble across the rooftops. People begin to filter into the courtyard and wash at the fountain in preparation for their evening prayer. Then they file into the mosque, or stand out on its porch, and begin their rhythmic ritual: Standing. Kneeling. Forehead to carpet. Standing. Kneeling. Forehead to carpet.

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Leaving the mosque’s courtyard, I continue along the Old Town’s main pedestrian drag.  A puff of apple-tinged smoke lures me down a tight side alley. I pop out into a courtyard jammed elbow-to-elbow with bars offering water pipes — also called šiša, nargila, hookah, or hubbly bubbly. As twilight twinkles, local twentysomethings lounge here on divans, chilling like sultans (or, at least, pashas) as they deeply inhale pungent, fruity smoke. In the corners and tucked down little alleys, miniature potbellied stoves churn day and night, providing glowing coals to power the pipes. Even without taking a direct drag, it’s like cotton candy for my lungs. While there’s no marijuana in these particular hookahs, the mellow hubbub, air rich with sicky-sweet smoke, and floodlit minarets rocketing overhead are plenty mind-bending.

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One last stop before returning to my hotel: dessert. I find an inviting shop selling local sweets. But it’s not cakes and strudels — here in the exotic East, you get honey, nuts, and phyllo dough. My favorite Bosnian treat is kadaif — a tidy pile of delicate shredded wheat drenched in honey. I perch myself on a little bench in front of the shop and dig in, watching both locals and tourists dong their promenade laps.

Cameron-Bosnia-Sarajevo-Dessert ShopRight in front of me, two families bump into each other and spend several minutes catching up. Their awkward pre-teen, with his akimbo haircut and high-waisted mom jeans, yawns and fidgets. At the next table, tourists from Saudi Arabia — probably feeling more at home here than anywhere else in Europe — laugh the unbridled, relaxed laughter that only a vacation can bring. And all around, people are simply enjoying one of Europe’s most underrated cities. They’re in on the secret. And I’m so glad to be, too.

Why Sarajevo Is One of My Favorite Cities

Some cities wow you at first, but underwhelm when you return. Others are hard to love on a quick visit, but get under your skin over time. Sarajevo is that rare city that does both: Whether your first visit or your tenth, it’s equally satisfying…and each time it’s a totally different experience. Over the last few years, Sarajevo has stealthily become one of my favorite cities. Here are a few reasons why.

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Cameron-Bosnia-Sarajevo-River Scene

My vote for Europe’s most stunningly set capital, Sarajevo fills a narrow, forested valley. Its endearing little Monopoly houses blanket its hillsides. And the banks of its gurgling river are lined with minarets, grassy bluffs, and Eastern-looking bridges.

 

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Cameron-Bosnia-Sarajevo-Habsburg Quarter

“The place where East meets West” is a cliché that’s overused by travel writers (including me, I’ll admit). But Sarajevo really is that place. It’s predominantly Muslim, yet fully European. And its cityscape was shaped by two successive, different-as-day-and-night dynasties: the Ottomans (from today’s Turkey) and the Habsburgs (from today’s Austria). From the extremely Turkish-feeling old town (with the tongue-twisting name Baščaršija), you can take just a few steps to find yourself in the almost Viennese-feeling modern city. Would you rather go to Turkey or to Austria? In Sarajevo, it’s your choice.

 

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As Sarajevo continues to rebuild from its brutal wartime experience, progress occurs in fits and starts. While entire city blocks still feel bombed-out, glitzy and glassy new skyscrapers are popping up like dandelions. This one, the Avaz Twist Tower, seems out of place as it rockets up from an otherwise humdrum residential neighborhood of single-family homes. You can ride an elevator to the 35th floor. At the turnstile, drop in one Bosnian Convertible Mark (that’s about 50 cents) to enjoy stunning views over the city.

 

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Despite its modern flair, Sarajevo retains its traditional soul. On Coppersmiths’ Street, you’ll hear the tap-tap-tap-tap of tiny hammers against sheets of copper. While today’s customers are tourists rather than Turkish traders, it feels like a time warp.

Bosnian Coffee: Achieving Mudlessness

Bosnian coffee (bosanska kafa) is not just a drink. It’s a complex social ritual that captures this culture’s deliberate, stop-and-smell-the-tulips approach to life. Unfiltered, potent Bosnian coffee (which you probably think of as “Turkish coffee”) comes with a very specific procedure.

In Mostar, my friend Alma (who’s a local guide for our Rick Steves Best of the Adriatic tours) takes me for Bosnian coffee…at her son’s brand-new coffee shop. Jaz (pronounced “yahz”) proudly shows me around his inviting, tastefully decorated space.

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The centerpiece is a yellow behemoth of a coffee roaster. Alma explains that she and her husband, Ermin, bought this machine in 1991. They were fed up with the rat race and planned to open their own café to share their passion for coffee with their neighbors. They took delivery on the coffee roaster just days before fighting broke out. It arrived on what turned out to be the last delivery train that ran through a united Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. And just a few months later, war ripped through Mostar. Alma and Ermin — now focused on survival rather than coffee — tucked the roaster away in their basement and forgot about it.

Just a few months ago, their son Jaz graduated from university with a degree in public relations. But in the anemic Bosnian economy, jobs in his field are rare. So, like his parents before him, he decided to open his own coffee house. Jaz dusted off and tuned up the old coffee roaster, which still works fine despite its shrapnel scars. Jaz perfected his own formula for roasting beans, and even designed his own label for the coffee bags. And, in a move that will warm the heart of any mother, he decided to call the place Café de Alma.

Jaz and Alma are dedicated to not just serving Bosnian coffee, but teaching the Bosnian worldview. And in a way, the two are one and the same.

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Jaz pours his beans into a grinder and runs them through to the ideal coarseness. He shows me a couple of older-style grinders: A small wooden box with a handle on top, and the classic Bosnian grinder: a copper cylinder that contains a detachable handle. He shows me how you hold the grinder against your belly or your hip while you turn the handle.

Next, Jaz brings water to a boil on the stove and measures the coffee grounds into the džezva, a small copper-plated kettle with a long, straight handle. When the water comes to a boil, he pours it into the container. An air bubble pushes a plug of coffee grounds to the brim. He puts the copper kettle onto the fire to get it boiling, then spoons a few fat drops of water onto the top to gently tamp down the grounds. As he methodically folds the grounds back into the surface of the bubbling water, they begin to resemble a cream-like foam.

“There are as many different ways to drink Bosnian coffee as there are people,” Jaz explains. “It’s up to the tastes of the individual drinker. But for a starting point, here’s the way that I like to do it.” First, he spoons some of the foam into a miniature ceramic cup. Then he pours the coffee from the copper kettle into the cup. He explains that Bosnians who take sugar don’t just dump it in. They nestle a sugar cube into the foam, then pour the coffee over it. And if you like your coffee really sweet, you can dip the sugar cube into the coffee to saturate it, then stick it in your mouth and drink the coffee through it.

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Again Jaz emphasizes that there’s no correct or incorrect way to drink coffee. People spend lifetimes perfecting their own particular routine. It’s a prefect example of what Bosnians call ćejf — a ritual that’s as satisfying to the person who does it, as it is irritating to everyone else. It’s not about getting from point A (needing caffeine) to point B (getting caffeine)…it’s about the journey.

I’m ready to slam down my coffee. But in a soothing voice, Alma reminds me to slow down. Bosnian coffee punishes those who hurry with a mouthful of gritty grounds. Here, coffee isn’t about the drinking. It’s about the relaxing. It’s about being with people you enjoy. Talk to your friend. Listen to what they have to say. Learn about their lives. Take a sip. If your coffee isn’t strong enough, gently swirl your cup to agitate the grounds. If it’s too strong, just wait. Let it settle. It gives you more time to talk anyway. While you’re waiting, nibble the Turkish delight candy (rahatlokum) that comes with your coffee.

When it’s time to top up, pour more coffee — slowly — from the copper kettle into your cup. But watch carefully: The flowing liquid should be the color of copper. When it turns brown, stop! You’ve hit the grounds. At the end of my cup of coffee, I remark that there are no grounds at all in the bottom. “If it’s done properly,” Jaz says, “you’ll never taste the grounds. When you see that thick layer of mud in the bottom of your cup, it means that someone — either you or the person who made the coffee — was in too much of a hurry.” (So I guess there is a wrong way to drink Bosnian coffee.)

Bosnian coffee is the opposite of the coffee culture in the US, where we scan work emails on our phones while waiting impatiently to see our hastily Sharpied names on takeaway cups. And it’s different from the coffee culture in most of Europe, where people stand at a counter for 30 seconds to slam down high-octane espresso. It’s about waiting. Being together. Being grounded (if you’ll pardon the pun). And simply…being still.

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What’s Your Ćejf?

I love it when a language has a term that can’t be translated — it has to be explained. Usually, these are the words that provide the most vivid insights into a culture. The easiest example may be the Spanish paseo or the Italian passeggiata: It’s not just walking around aimlessly, though it is that. It also has to do with living in a hot climate where you must wait until the cool of the evening to escape into the open air. It’s about spending time with family, socializing with friends and neighbors, getting some exercise, and enjoying a beautiful cityscape…all implied by that one word.

Out of everywhere I’ve traveled, the Bosnian language has more of these unique words than anyone. Maybe it’s because Bosnia is a bridge between western/Christian and eastern/Muslim culture — mystifying people on both sides. And so, like a secret club coming up with a password, they craft their own language.

Hanging out with my Sarajevan fried Amir, I started quizzing him about some of these words. He explained the concept of raja — meaning an unpretentious humility that stems from being one with a community. Raja is frowning upon anyone who thinks they’re a big shot. It’s about keeping people modest, for their own good…and everyone else’s. Raja is what prevents you from being the jerk who shows up in a convertible and a tux to your high school reunion.

Merak is enjoyment, particularly a relaxed atmosphere that percolates when you’re among friends. It’s when you’re nursing a cup of coffee with nowhere in particular to go — enjoying the simple act of passing the time of day. Amir explains that the whole concept of take-away coffee is anathema to Bosnians. The purpose of coffee is not just to caffeinate — it’s to have an excuse to socialize. And if you’re going out for a snack to enjoy with your merak, that’s called mezetluk (related to the Greek mezedes, or tapas-like small plates).

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But my favorite Bosnian word of all — the one that has the potential to really shake up your worldview — is ćejf (pronounced “chayf”).

Ćejf is that annoying habit or ritual you have. It’s the unique little quirk that drives your loved ones nuts. And yet, you get a lot of pleasure out of it. No, not just pleasure: deep satisfaction. In traditional Bosnian culture, ćejf describes the specific way someone spins his worry beads, the way he smokes his pipe, or the very particular procedure she has for preparing and drinking a cup of Bosnian coffee.

In our culture, we have these, too. We just don’t notice them as readily, because we don’t have a word for it. For example, maybe you have a complex way of ordering your perfect Starbucks. Or every Saturday, you wash and detail your car just so. Or maybe it’s the way you like to keep your desk organized, according to a special logic that only you fully understand. If I’m being honest, my own ćejf is probably the way I tinker with my fantasy football lineup. (Should I start Danny Woodhead or Joseph Randle this week?) Or the way I chew gum when I’m stressed out: Exrta Polar Ice flavor, always two sticks…never just one.

In our culture, people call this behavior “fussy,” or “OCD”…or, simply, “annoying.” Whether we’re going to the office, spending time with the in-laws, or just irritating our spouses around the house, we are expected to check our ćejf at the door.

But in Bosnia, they just shake their head and say, that’s his ćejf. In Bosnian culture, you don’t have to like someone’s ćejf. But — as long as it’s not hurting anyone — you do have to accept it. Because everyone has one (or more). Bosnians recognize that each human being is a complete individual, with their own strengths and quirks.

When you think about it, accepting a person without accepting their ćejf isn’t really accepting the person at all. So the next time someone gets up in your grill about your annoying little routine, just say, “Step off! That’s my ćejf.”

So…what’s your ćejf?

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Mostar: Bosnia with Training Wheels

Bosnia-Herzegovina is a fantastic country, and easily one of Europe’s most underrated destinations. Stunning natural wonders, incredibly warm and engaging people, riveting history (both old and recent), delicious cuisine — check, check, check, and check.

Because of its recent heritage of war, its rough-around-the-edges infrastructure, and its vivid Muslim culture, Bosnia can be jarring to some visitors. For that reason, I view the city of Mostar — within a short drive of Dubrovnik and the Dalmatian Coast — as a wading pool for Bosnia. Dip your toe in. If you like it, there’s so much more to see.

 

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It seems unlikely that Epcot will ever open a “Bosnia” pavilion. But if they did, it would look a lot like the old center of Mostar. It is, in a word, cute. The ankle-wrecking, smoothly rounded cobbles twist through a vibrant bazaar atmosphere. Visitors often remark, “It’s like being back in Turkey!” And sure enough, Mostar was an Ottoman market town for most of its history. But it’s not Turkish…it’s Bosnian.

 

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In the Old Town, all roads lead to the iconic Old Bridge — the icon of the city, built by Süleyman the Magnificent, destroyed in the wars of the 1990s, and since rebuilt. Down at the riverbank below, you enjoy the best views in town…and, if it’s hot (like it was today), you can cool off your toes in the frigid Neretva River.

 

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Crossing the Old Bridge, you’ll trip over chunky marble “steps” that are spaced just far apart enough to guarantee stumbling. Even an agile cat would stagger like a drunk along here. The two guys in the foreground are Mostar’s divers. They’re taking a break, but in a moment they’ll hop up on the railing and carry on until they drum up enough tips to make it worth their effort to do a swan dive seven stories down into the water below. As my local friend and I were walking across this bridge, intently watching our feet to avoid tripping, suddenly we heard a loud splash…and realized we’d just missed the show.

 

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Both in Mostar and in Sarajevo, I noticed lots and lots of tourists from the Middle East. This carries on Bosnia’s rich heritage as a meeting place between East and West. Just as Americans go to Mostar because it offers an enticing peek at Islam in a familiar European package, people from the Middle East enjoy it as a comfortably Muslim destination that’s also exotically European.

 

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During communist Yugoslavia, religion was discouraged, and most people did not openly practice their faith (whether Islam, Catholicism, or Orthodox Christianity). But since the fall of the Iron Curtain, it’s been interesting to see the rebound of various faiths across Central and Eastern Europe. In Russia, the Church is so influential that the former KGB chief Vladimir Putin claims he was, secretly, deeply religious all along. In Romania, a newfound faithfulness fills atmospheric, centuries-old Orthodox churches that were, for decades, considered tourist sites rather than holy ones. And across Bosnia, you find many new mosques, libraries, madrassas, and cultural centers, many of them funded by donors from wealthy Middle Eastern countries.

 

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At the edge of Mostar’s fantastyland of an Old Town, the cobbles abruptly end. Most tourists U-turn, head back to their day-tour bus, and hit the souvenir stands that caught their eye during their short visit here. But that’s a shame — if you keep going, you enter Mostar’s ragtag pedestrian shopping street, where locals (and mopeds) outnumber tourists. This is where the real people of Mostar gather to drink coffee and listen to a mix of loud music: American pop and souped-up “turbo folk” music (imagine a Balkan-flavored techno mariachi music).

 

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Mostar provides a case study in how easy (and cheap) it is to stay in touch if you’re comfortable with basic cell phone technology. I carry an unlocked phone with me. (You probably already own several, in a junk drawer somewhere in your house.) Even though I’m only in Bosnia for four days on this trip, I bought a SIM card that I can stick in a slot in my phone to have access to very cheap domestic calls (20 cents per minute) rather than my cell phone provider’s exorbitant roaming charges ($1.79 per minute). The SIM card cost $3, included that much credit, and took literally seconds to purchase and insert into my phone. I only made two calls the whole time I was in Bosnia (to confirm my Sarajevo hotel and to make a dinner reservation). And yet, given the pricey per-minute roaming costs, buying my own SIM card still saved me money. For the full scoop on SIM cards, check out our Travel Skills article on that topic.